JH
Jacob Merritt Howard
Senator from MichiganSENATEREPUBLICAN1861–1871ID H000839
LegislationHEADLINE
16%with Dems
of 1,101 votes
Nominations
—with Dems
of 0 · confirmations only
All contested
16%with Dems
of 1,101 · both combined
Steepest move
−6 pts
1861 → 1863
still a Republican
Career arc
Legislation leads. Each point is one Congress: how often they sided with the Democratic majority on contested bills, resolutions and amendments.
100%75%50%25%0%sides with Democrats ↑sides with Republicans ↓18611867
1869–7041st Congress
Sat as a Republican
13.4%with Democrats
of 284 contested votes
Votes for this Congress are open below
Steepest move: 1861 → 1863, −6 pts — within one party label.
Sat as a DemocratSat as a RepublicanVotes available below
Votes
Every roll call before 1973 has no description. These rows carry a date, usually a bill number, how they voted and which side that matched — nothing is filled in by hand.
DateBillVoteTypeCastSided with
Mar 3, 1871noneLEGISLATIONYEANEITHER · NOT SCORED
Mar 3, 1871H.R. 1596LEGISLATIONNAYNEITHER · NOT SCORED
Mar 3, 1871H.J.Res. 521LEGISLATIONYEADEM MAJORITY
Full textNo description in the source record. What survives: the date, the bill number (H.J.Res. 521), how they voted and which side that matched.Party majoritiesDemocrats Yea · Republicans NayCounts toward scoreYes — the parties split.
Where this lands
YEASided with the Democratic majority
Mar 3, 1871H.R. 3064LEGISLATIONNAYNEITHER · NOT SCORED
Mar 3, 1871S. 647LEGISLATIONNAYBOTH · NOT SCORED
Mar 3, 1871S. 647LEGISLATIONNAYREP MAJORITY
Mar 3, 1871H.R. 2920LEGISLATIONNAYREP MAJORITY
Mar 2, 1871H.R. 3036LEGISLATIONNAYREP MAJORITY
Mar 2, 1871H.R. 3036LEGISLATIONYEADEM MAJORITY
9 most recent roll calls shown · 284 contested votes scored in the 41st CongressAll votes this Congress →
By policy area
career · legislationThe record carries no policy area for any of these roll calls, so there is nothing to break out.
Service record
5 Congresses37th · 186141st · 1869
Republican · Senate · MI37th–41st
Term datesexact